Edema
Also called: Dropsy
Edema means swelling caused by fluid in body tissues.
It usually occurs in the feet, ankles and legs, but it can involve your entire body
Localized
Acute venous thrombosis
Chronic venous insufficiency
Baker cyst
Tumor invasion or compression of veins and/or lymphatics (e.g., superior vena cava syndrome)
Surgical or radiation damage
Inflammatory disease (e.g., cellulitis)
Allergic process (e.g., angioneurotic edema)
Physical or chemical trauma
Stings and bites
Immobilized or paralyzed limb
Congenital lymphedema
Filariasis
Generalized
Biventricular congestive heart failure
Tricuspid stenosis and other valvular lesions
Right atrial myxoma
Cor pulmonale (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea)
Pericardial disease
- Chronic constrictive pericarditis
- Pericardial effusion
Hypoalbuminemic states
- Hepatic cirrhosis
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Protein-losing enteropathy
- Malnutrition
- Severe chronic disease
Acute and chronic renal failure with volume overload
Myxedema
Pregnancy
Iatrogenic salt overload
- Enteral feeding
- Intravenous fluid administration
- Drugs
- Sirolimus
- Tamoxifen, letrozole (Femara), and similar drugs
- Thiazolidiones (e.g., pioglitazone)
- Estrogens
- Corticosteroids
- Minoxidil
- Calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipine)
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Trichinosis
Idiopathic and/or cyclic edema
Hereditary angioneurotic edema
References
1. Braunwald E. Examination of the patient. See Bibliography, 5.
2. Friedman HH. Edema, p. 1. See Bibliography, 1.